IBraille uhlelo lokubhala olunobuhlakani oluthuthukisiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 nguMfazi ogama lakhe linguLouis Braille. Uhlelo lusebenzisa amachashazi aphakanyisiwe ahlelwe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene ukumela izinhlamvu, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu zezimpawu. IBraille isibe yindinganiso yabantu abayizimpumputhe ukufunda nokubhala, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini eziningi zempilo yansuku zonke, kubandakanya nezimpawu.
Izimpawu zeBraille ziphinde zabizwa ngokuthi i-ADA (abaseMelika abakhubazekile Umthetho) Izimpawu noma izibonakaliso zokubopha. Zibonisa izinhlamvu eziphakanyisiwe zeBraille kanye nehluzo ezingatholwa kalula futhi zifundelwe ngokuthinta. Lezi zibonakaliso zisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi nezinkomba zabantu abanokukhubazeka okubukwayo, ukuqiniseka ukuthi bayazi ngezindawo ezizungezile, futhi bangahamba bezungeza ngokuphephile nangokuzimela.
1. Ukutholakala kwabantu abanokulimala okubonakalayo
Izimpawu zeBraille zinikezela ngezindlela ezibalulekile zokutholakala kwabantu abanokukhubazeka okubonakalayo, okubavumela ukuba bakwazi ukuzulazula ezakhiweni, amahhovisi, izindawo zomphakathi, nezinye izikhungo ngokuzimela. Ngokuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngefomethi ye-tatele engezwa, izimpawu zeBraille zinikeza ithuba lokufinyelela ngokulinganayo kolwazi, okuvumela labo ngaphandle kokubona ukubamba iqhaza emphakathini nenkululeko eyengeziwe.
2. Ukuphepha
Izimpawu zeBraille nazo zingathuthukisa ukuphepha, zombili zabantu abanokulimala okubonakalayo nalabo ngaphandle. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezifana nemililo noma ukuphuma, izimpawu zeBraille zinikeza imininingwane ebucayi ezithombeni eziqondayo ukusiza abantu abathola izindlela zokuphuma eziseduzane. Lolu lwazi lungasiza futhi emisebenzini ejwayelekile yosuku nanamuhla, njengokuzulazula ezindaweni ezingaziwa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
3. Ukuhambisana nezimpawu ze-ADA
Izimpawu zeBraille ziyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwe-ADA-Complusiant Synage System. AbaseMelika abakhubazekile ngomthetho (ADA) badinga ukuthi zonke izindawo zomphakathi zinezibonakaliso ezitholakala kubantu abakhubazekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzeka ngezimpawu ngezinhlamvu ze-tactile, izinhlamvu eziphakanyisiwe, neBraille.
Ama-amatadi alwayo
Izimpawu zeBraille zivame ukwenziwa ngezinto eziqinile ezifana nepulasitiki, insimbi, noma i-acrylic. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zingamelana nokuchayeka ezimweni zezulu ezinzima namakhemikhali avame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni yokuhlanza. Ngokwengeziwe, izinto zokwakha zinokubekezelela okuphezulu kokuphikiswa ekuqaleni okubangelwa ukugqoka kwansuku zonke nokudabula.
2.Color Contrast
Izimpawu zeBraille ngokuvamile zinombala ophakeme wombala, okwenza kube lula ukufunda abantu abanombono ophansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwangemuva namachashazi e-braille aphakanyisiwe ahlukile futhi ahlukaniswe kalula.
3.CLACEMENT
Izimpawu zeBraille kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezitholakala kalula, ngaphakathi kwezinyawo ezi-4-6 ukusuka emhlabathini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abanokukhubazeka okubukwayo bangazizwa bemi ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelula noma ukufinyelela.
Izimpawu zeBraille ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zebhizinisi kanye ne-Wayfinding Signage System, enikeza ukufinyeleleka kwezinga eliphakeme, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana nemigomo ye-ADA. Banikeza ithuba labantu abanokukhubazeka okubukwayo okufanele babambe iqhaza emphakathini ngenkululeko eyengeziwe nokuziqinisa, okwenza izimpilo zabo zansuku zonke zizimele futhi zikhululeke. Ngokufaka izimpawu zeBraille ngaphakathi kohlelo lwakho lwezimpawu, indawo yakho inganikeza ukufinyelela okungcono, dala indawo ephephile, futhi ikhombise ukuzibophezela ekufinyeleleni nasekutholeni.
Sizoqhuba ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile ngaphambi kokulethwa, okungukuthi:
1. Lapho imikhiqizo eqediwe iqeda.
2. Lapho inqubo ngayinye inikezwa.
3. Ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe umkhiqizo oqediwe.