Umkhiqizi Wezinhlelo Zezimpawu Zebhizinisi Nokuthola Indlela Kusukela ngo-1998.Funda kabanzi
Izinhlobo Zezimpawu
Izimpawu Ze-Braille |Izimpawu ze-ADA |Izimpawu Ezithintekayo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ukuqonda Izimpawu Ze-Braille
I-Braille iyisimiso sokubhala esithintekayo esasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ngumFulentshi uLouis Braille.Uhlelo lusebenzisa amachashazi aphakanyisiwe ahlelwe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene ukuze amelele izinhlamvu, izinombolo, nezimpawu zokubhala.I-Braille isiyindinganiso yabantu abayizimpumputhe yokufunda nokubhala, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezicini eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kuhlanganise nezimpawu.
Izimpawu zeBraille ziphinde zibizwe ngezimpawu ze-ADA(The Americans with Disabilities Act) noma izimpawu ezithintekayo.Ifaka izinhlamvu ze-Braille eziphakanyisiwe kanye nemifanekiso engatholakala kalula futhi ifundwe ngokuthinta.Lezi zimpawu zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza ulwazi nezikhombisi-ndlela kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokubona, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bayayazi indawo ebazungezile, futhi bangakwazi ukuhambahamba ngokuphepha nangokuzimela.
Izinzuzo Zezimpawu Ze-Braille
1. Ukufinyeleleka Kwabantu Abanenkinga Yokubona
Izimpawu ze-Braille zinikeza izindlela ezibalulekile zokufinyeleleka kwabantu abanokukhubazeka kokubona, okubavumela ukuthi bazulazule ezakhiweni, amahhovisi, izindawo zomphakathi, nezinye izinsiza ngokuzimela.Ngokunikeza ulwazi ngefomethi ethintekayo ezwakalayo, izimpawu zeBraille zinikeza ithuba lokufinyelela olwazini ngokulinganayo, okuvumela labo abangaboni ukuthi babambe iqhaza emphakathini ngenkululeko eyengeziwe nokuziqinisekisa.
2. Ukuphepha
Izimpawu ze-Braille zingaphinda zithuthukise ukuphepha, kokubili kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokubona nalabo abangenawo.Ezimeni eziphuthumayo ezifana nemililo noma ukuphuma, izimpawu ze-Braille zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lwezimpawu zesikhombandlela ukuze zisize abantu ngabanye bathole imizila eseduze yokuphuma.Lolu lwazi lungasiza futhi emisebenzini evamile yansuku zonke, njengokuzulazula ezindaweni ongazazi ngaphakathi kwebhilidi.
3. Ukuhambisana Nezimpawu ze-ADA
Izimpawu ze-Braille ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yezimpawu ethobela i-ADA.Umthetho WaseMelika Abakhubazekile (ADA) udinga ukuthi zonke izindawo zomphakathi zibe nezimpawu ezifinyeleleka kubantu abakhubazekile.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza izimpawu ezinezinhlamvu ezithintekayo, izinhlamvu eziphakanyisiwe, kanye neBraille.
Izici Zezimpawu Ze-Braille
1.Izinto
Izimpawu ze-Braille ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside njengepulasitiki, insimbi, noma i-acrylic.Lezi zinto zingakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima kanye namakhemikhali avame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni yokuhlanza.Ukwengeza, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinokubekezelelana okuphezulu kokumelana nokuklwebheka okubangelwa ukuguga kwansuku zonke.
2.Ukugqama Kombalat
Izimpawu ze-Braille ngokuvamile zinokugqama okuphezulu kombala, okwenza kube lula ukufunda kubantu abangaboni kahle.Lokhu kusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwengemuva namachashazi aphakanyisiwe e-Braille uhlukile futhi uhlukaniseka kalula.
3.Ukubekwa
Izimpawu ze-Braille kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula, phakathi kwamamitha angu-4-6 ukusuka phansi.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abanokukhubazeka kokubona bayakwazi ukuzizwa ngenkathi bemile ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelula noma ukufinyelela.
Isiphetho
Izimpawu ze-Braille ziyingxenye ebalulekile yebhizinisi kanye nezinhlelo zezimpawu zokuthola indlela, ezihlinzeka ngokufinyeleleka kwezinga eliphezulu, ukuphepha, nokuhambisana nemithetho ye-ADA.Banikeza ithuba abantu abanokukhubazeka kokubona ukuthi babambe iqhaza emphakathini ngenkululeko eyengeziwe nokuziqinisekisa, okwenza ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke kuzimele futhi kukhululeke.Ngokuhlanganisa izimpawu ze-Braille ngaphakathi kwesistimu yakho yezimpawu, indawo yakho ingakunikeza ukufinyelela okungcono olwazini, idale indawo ephephile, futhi ibonise ukuzibophezela ekufinyeleleni nasekuhlanganiseni.
